3.4.71 \(\int \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} (a+a \sec (c+d x))^3 \, dx\) [371]

Optimal. Leaf size=91 \[ -\frac {4 a^3 E\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{d}+\frac {20 a^3 F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{3 d}+\frac {2 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{3 d \cos ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x)}+\frac {6 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{d \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}} \]

[Out]

-4*a^3*(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticE(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2))/d+20/3*a^3*(cos(1
/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticF(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2))/d+2/3*a^3*sin(d*x+c)/d/cos(d*x
+c)^(3/2)+6*a^3*sin(d*x+c)/d/cos(d*x+c)^(1/2)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubi [A]
time = 0.14, antiderivative size = 91, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 23, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.261, Rules used = {4349, 3876, 3856, 2719, 2720, 3853} \begin {gather*} \frac {20 a^3 F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{3 d}-\frac {4 a^3 E\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{d}+\frac {2 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{3 d \cos ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x)}+\frac {6 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{d \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[Sqrt[Cos[c + d*x]]*(a + a*Sec[c + d*x])^3,x]

[Out]

(-4*a^3*EllipticE[(c + d*x)/2, 2])/d + (20*a^3*EllipticF[(c + d*x)/2, 2])/(3*d) + (2*a^3*Sin[c + d*x])/(3*d*Co
s[c + d*x]^(3/2)) + (6*a^3*Sin[c + d*x])/(d*Sqrt[Cos[c + d*x]])

Rule 2719

Int[Sqrt[sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(2/d)*EllipticE[(1/2)*(c - Pi/2 + d*x), 2], x] /; FreeQ[{
c, d}, x]

Rule 2720

Int[1/Sqrt[sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(2/d)*EllipticF[(1/2)*(c - Pi/2 + d*x), 2], x] /; FreeQ
[{c, d}, x]

Rule 3853

Int[(csc[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]*(b_.))^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-b)*Cos[c + d*x]*((b*Csc[c + d*x])^(n - 1)/(d*(n
- 1))), x] + Dist[b^2*((n - 2)/(n - 1)), Int[(b*Csc[c + d*x])^(n - 2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d}, x] && GtQ[n,
1] && IntegerQ[2*n]

Rule 3856

Int[(csc[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]*(b_.))^(n_), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(b*Csc[c + d*x])^n*Sin[c + d*x]^n, Int[1/Sin[c + d
*x]^n, x], x] /; FreeQ[{b, c, d}, x] && EqQ[n^2, 1/4]

Rule 3876

Int[(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.))^(n_.)*(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_))^(m_), x_Symbol] :> Int[Expand
Trig[(a + b*csc[e + f*x])^m*(d*csc[e + f*x])^n, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, d, e, f, m, n}, x] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]
&& IGtQ[m, 0] && RationalQ[n]

Rule 4349

Int[(u_)*((c_.)*sin[(a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)])^(m_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(c*Csc[a + b*x])^m*(c*Sin[a + b*x])^m, Int[A
ctivateTrig[u]/(c*Csc[a + b*x])^m, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, m}, x] &&  !IntegerQ[m] && KnownSecantIntegrandQ[
u, x]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} (a+a \sec (c+d x))^3 \, dx &=\left (\sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \frac {(a+a \sec (c+d x))^3}{\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \, dx\\ &=\left (\sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \left (\frac {a^3}{\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}+3 a^3 \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}+3 a^3 \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x)+a^3 \sec ^{\frac {5}{2}}(c+d x)\right ) \, dx\\ &=\left (a^3 \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \, dx+\left (a^3 \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \sec ^{\frac {5}{2}}(c+d x) \, dx+\left (3 a^3 \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)} \, dx+\left (3 a^3 \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \, dx\\ &=\frac {2 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{3 d \cos ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x)}+\frac {6 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{d \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}}+a^3 \int \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \, dx+\left (3 a^3\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} \left (a^3 \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)} \, dx-\left (3 a^3 \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \, dx\\ &=\frac {2 a^3 E\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{d}+\frac {6 a^3 F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{d}+\frac {2 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{3 d \cos ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x)}+\frac {6 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{d \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}}+\frac {1}{3} a^3 \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}} \, dx-\left (3 a^3\right ) \int \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {4 a^3 E\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{d}+\frac {20 a^3 F\left (\left .\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right |2\right )}{3 d}+\frac {2 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{3 d \cos ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x)}+\frac {6 a^3 \sin (c+d x)}{d \sqrt {\cos (c+d x)}}\\ \end {align*}

________________________________________________________________________________________

Mathematica [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
time = 6.19, size = 479, normalized size = 5.26 \begin {gather*} \cos ^{\frac {7}{2}}(c+d x) \sec ^6\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d x}{2}\right ) (a+a \sec (c+d x))^3 \left (-\frac {(-5+\cos (2 c)) \csc (c) \sec (c)}{8 d}+\frac {\sec (c) \sec ^2(c+d x) \sin (d x)}{12 d}+\frac {\sec (c) \sec (c+d x) (\sin (c)+9 \sin (d x))}{12 d}\right )-\frac {5 \cos ^3(c+d x) \csc (c) \, _2F_1\left (\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{2};\frac {5}{4};\sin ^2(d x-\text {ArcTan}(\cot (c)))\right ) \sec ^6\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d x}{2}\right ) (a+a \sec (c+d x))^3 \sec (d x-\text {ArcTan}(\cot (c))) \sqrt {1-\sin (d x-\text {ArcTan}(\cot (c)))} \sqrt {-\sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\text {ArcTan}(\cot (c)))} \sqrt {1+\sin (d x-\text {ArcTan}(\cot (c)))}}{6 d \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}}+\frac {\cos ^3(c+d x) \csc (c) \sec ^6\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d x}{2}\right ) (a+a \sec (c+d x))^3 \left (\frac {\, _2F_1\left (-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {1}{4};\frac {3}{4};\cos ^2(d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c)))\right ) \sin (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c))) \tan (c)}{\sqrt {1-\cos (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c)))} \sqrt {1+\cos (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c)))} \sqrt {\cos (c) \cos (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}} \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}-\frac {\frac {\sin (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c))) \tan (c)}{\sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}+\frac {2 \cos ^2(c) \cos (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}{\cos ^2(c)+\sin ^2(c)}}{\sqrt {\cos (c) \cos (d x+\text {ArcTan}(\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}}\right )}{4 d} \end {gather*}

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Integrate[Sqrt[Cos[c + d*x]]*(a + a*Sec[c + d*x])^3,x]

[Out]

Cos[c + d*x]^(7/2)*Sec[c/2 + (d*x)/2]^6*(a + a*Sec[c + d*x])^3*(-1/8*((-5 + Cos[2*c])*Csc[c]*Sec[c])/d + (Sec[
c]*Sec[c + d*x]^2*Sin[d*x])/(12*d) + (Sec[c]*Sec[c + d*x]*(Sin[c] + 9*Sin[d*x]))/(12*d)) - (5*Cos[c + d*x]^3*C
sc[c]*HypergeometricPFQ[{1/4, 1/2}, {5/4}, Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]^2]*Sec[c/2 + (d*x)/2]^6*(a + a*Sec[c + d*
x])^3*Sec[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]*Sqrt[1 - Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]]*Sqrt[-(Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x -
ArcTan[Cot[c]]])]*Sqrt[1 + Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]])/(6*d*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]) + (Cos[c + d*x]^3*Csc[c]*Sec[
c/2 + (d*x)/2]^6*(a + a*Sec[c + d*x])^3*((HypergeometricPFQ[{-1/2, -1/4}, {3/4}, Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]^2]*
Sin[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Tan[c])/(Sqrt[1 - Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]]*Sqrt[1 + Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]]*Sqr
t[Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]) - ((Sin[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Tan[c
])/Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2] + (2*Cos[c]^2*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])/(Cos[c]^2 + Sin[c]^2))/Sqrt[
Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]]))/(4*d)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(370\) vs. \(2(135)=270\).
time = 0.12, size = 371, normalized size = 4.08

method	result	size
default	\(-\frac {4 \sqrt {-\left (-2 \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+1\right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}\, a^{3} \left (18 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) \cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )-10 \sqrt {2 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-1}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \EllipticF \left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {2}\right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-6 \sqrt {2 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-1}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \EllipticE \left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {2}\right ) \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-10 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right ) \cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+5 \sqrt {2 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-1}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \EllipticF \left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {2}\right )+3 \sqrt {2 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-1}\, \sqrt {\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\cos \left (d x +c \right )}{2}}\, \EllipticE \left (\cos \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right ), \sqrt {2}\right )\right ) \sqrt {-2 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}}{3 \left (4 \left (\sin ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-4 \left (\sin ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+1\right ) \sin \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3} \sqrt {2 \left (\cos ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-1}\, d}\)	\(371\)

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(cos(d*x+c)^(1/2)*(a+a*sec(d*x+c))^3,x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

-4/3*(-(-2*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2+1)*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*a^3/(4*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4-4*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c
)^2+1)/sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^3*(18*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)-10*(2*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-1)^(1/2)*(s
in(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*EllipticF(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2))*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-6*(2*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^
2-1)^(1/2)*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*EllipticE(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2))*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-10*sin(1/2*
d*x+1/2*c)^2*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)+5*(2*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-1)^(1/2)*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*EllipticF(cos(
1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2))+3*(2*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-1)^(1/2)*(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)*EllipticE(cos(1/2*d*x+
1/2*c),2^(1/2)))*(-2*sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^4+sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/(2*cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2-1)^(1/2)/d

________________________________________________________________________________________

Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cos(d*x+c)^(1/2)*(a+a*sec(d*x+c))^3,x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate((a*sec(d*x + c) + a)^3*sqrt(cos(d*x + c)), x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Fricas [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
time = 0.83, size = 187, normalized size = 2.05 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \, {\left (5 i \, \sqrt {2} a^{3} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-4, 0, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + i \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )\right ) - 5 i \, \sqrt {2} a^{3} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-4, 0, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - i \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )\right ) + 3 i \, \sqrt {2} a^{3} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (-4, 0, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-4, 0, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + i \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )\right )\right ) - 3 i \, \sqrt {2} a^{3} \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (-4, 0, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-4, 0, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - i \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )\right )\right ) - {\left (9 \, a^{3} \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + a^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\cos \left (d x + c\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )\right )}}{3 \, d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2}} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cos(d*x+c)^(1/2)*(a+a*sec(d*x+c))^3,x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-2/3*(5*I*sqrt(2)*a^3*cos(d*x + c)^2*weierstrassPInverse(-4, 0, cos(d*x + c) + I*sin(d*x + c)) - 5*I*sqrt(2)*a
^3*cos(d*x + c)^2*weierstrassPInverse(-4, 0, cos(d*x + c) - I*sin(d*x + c)) + 3*I*sqrt(2)*a^3*cos(d*x + c)^2*w
eierstrassZeta(-4, 0, weierstrassPInverse(-4, 0, cos(d*x + c) + I*sin(d*x + c))) - 3*I*sqrt(2)*a^3*cos(d*x + c
)^2*weierstrassZeta(-4, 0, weierstrassPInverse(-4, 0, cos(d*x + c) - I*sin(d*x + c))) - (9*a^3*cos(d*x + c) +
a^3)*sqrt(cos(d*x + c))*sin(d*x + c))/(d*cos(d*x + c)^2)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} a^{3} \left (\int 3 \sqrt {\cos {\left (c + d x \right )}} \sec {\left (c + d x \right )}\, dx + \int 3 \sqrt {\cos {\left (c + d x \right )}} \sec ^{2}{\left (c + d x \right )}\, dx + \int \sqrt {\cos {\left (c + d x \right )}} \sec ^{3}{\left (c + d x \right )}\, dx + \int \sqrt {\cos {\left (c + d x \right )}}\, dx\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cos(d*x+c)**(1/2)*(a+a*sec(d*x+c))**3,x)

[Out]

a**3*(Integral(3*sqrt(cos(c + d*x))*sec(c + d*x), x) + Integral(3*sqrt(cos(c + d*x))*sec(c + d*x)**2, x) + Int
egral(sqrt(cos(c + d*x))*sec(c + d*x)**3, x) + Integral(sqrt(cos(c + d*x)), x))

________________________________________________________________________________________

Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(cos(d*x+c)^(1/2)*(a+a*sec(d*x+c))^3,x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate((a*sec(d*x + c) + a)^3*sqrt(cos(d*x + c)), x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Mupad [B]
time = 1.64, size = 126, normalized size = 1.38 \begin {gather*} \frac {2\,\left (a^3\,\mathrm {E}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\middle |2\right )+3\,a^3\,\mathrm {F}\left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\middle |2\right )\right )}{d}+\frac {6\,a^3\,\sin \left (c+d\,x\right )\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (-\frac {1}{4},\frac {1}{2};\ \frac {3}{4};\ {\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2\right )}{d\,\sqrt {\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}\,\sqrt {{\sin \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2}}+\frac {2\,a^3\,\sin \left (c+d\,x\right )\,{{}}_2{\mathrm {F}}_1\left (-\frac {3}{4},\frac {1}{2};\ \frac {1}{4};\ {\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2\right )}{3\,d\,{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}^{3/2}\,\sqrt {{\sin \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2}} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(cos(c + d*x)^(1/2)*(a + a/cos(c + d*x))^3,x)

[Out]

(2*(a^3*ellipticE(c/2 + (d*x)/2, 2) + 3*a^3*ellipticF(c/2 + (d*x)/2, 2)))/d + (6*a^3*sin(c + d*x)*hypergeom([-
1/4, 1/2], 3/4, cos(c + d*x)^2))/(d*cos(c + d*x)^(1/2)*(sin(c + d*x)^2)^(1/2)) + (2*a^3*sin(c + d*x)*hypergeom
([-3/4, 1/2], 1/4, cos(c + d*x)^2))/(3*d*cos(c + d*x)^(3/2)*(sin(c + d*x)^2)^(1/2))

________________________________________________________________________________________